Vitamin B-12

Vitamin B-12 is an important vitamin that is mainly found in fish, shellfish, meat and dairy products. Vitamin B-12 helps make red blood cells, make DNA and keeps your nervous system working properly.

Vegetarians, vegans and the elderly are at risk for not getting enough vitamin B-12. Most people with low vitamin B-12 levels either do not consume meat and dairy products or they have trouble absorbing vitamin B-12 from their stomach or small intestines.

The following are some things that can cause vitamin B-12 absorption problems:

Your doctor will find out why you have a low vitamin B-12 level by asking questions about your health, giving you a physical exam and taking a blood sample, if necessary.

You might not have any symptoms if your vitamin B-12 level is just a little bit low. However, a very low vitamin B-12 level can cause anemia, depression, dementia or problems with your nervous system.

Some people who have low vitamin B-12 levels also have high levels of homocysteine (say: ho-mo-sis-teen), an amino acid (a building block of protein) in the blood. If you have both of these problems, you may have a higher risk of heart disease and stroke.

No. Over-the-counter multivitamins do not contain enough vitamin B-12 to raise a low level. To get enough vitamin B-12, you will need to take special vitamin B-12 pills.

You can also get shots of vitamin B-12. Usually, these shots are given every 1 to 2 days for about 2 weeks. After this, a shot is given once every month. Your doctor can help decide whether pills or shots are right for you.