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Bug Bites

Last Updated May 2023 | This article was created by familydoctor.org editorial staff and reviewed by Leisa Bailey, MD

Summer means bug bites. Most bug bites are not serious. The most common bug bites or stings come from bees, wasps, and mosquitos. Less common bug bites include fleas, spiders, and ticks. A bug bite might itch, sting, swell, or turn red. The only sure way to avoid them is to stay indoors. But if you want to enjoy the outdoors, there are several things you can do to reduce your risk of a bite.

Path to improved health

There are no guarantees you can avoid a bug bite. However, these tips can help:

  • Avoid areas where you know there are bugs, such as still pools or ponds and woody areas with high grass.
  • Apply bug spray before going outdoors.
  • Dress appropriately (long sleeves and long pants). Wear shoes and socks when walking on grass and gloves when gardening.
  • Prepare for allergic reactions. Keep antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (brand name: Benadryl), or epinephrine on hand. You can buy many antihistamines over the counter, but epinephrine is a prescription medicine. You’ll have it only if you have a history of anaphylaxis (a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction).
  • Cover food to reduce attraction of flies and ants.
  • Keep your yard trimmed and treat for bugs. Be careful not to treat when children are outside playing in the treated area.

If you have been bitten by a bug, follow these steps to relieve the discomfort:

  • For bee stings, remove the stinger, if possible.
  • Wash the area with soap and water.
  • Take acetaminophen (one brand: Tylenol) or ibuprofen (one brand: Advil) for pain and inflammation.
  • Take diphenhydramine (brand name: Benadryl) for the itching and swelling.
  • Apply a cold compress to the bite.
  • Apply an anti-itch cream to the bite.
  • Watch for changes in the bite, such as a rash or swelling.
  • See your doctor if the bite worsens.

Things to consider

While most bug bites are harmless, there is some danger associated with the bites.

Beware of signs of a serious allergic reaction. Symptoms may include tightness in your chest; swelling in your throat; wheezing or trouble breathing; swelling of your lips, face, or tongue; dizziness; and nausea or vomiting.

Before you travel outside the U.S., research the types of insects that are common to the region you are visiting. Some insects are more common during certain times of the year.

Certain spider bites contain venom. This includes bites from the Brown recluse and Scorpions (part of the spider family). In some cases, the venom can be deadly.

Certain types of tick bites can result in long-term illness, such as Lyme disease. Learn how to remove a tick properly to avoid trapping it under your skin.

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Do bug bites leave scars?
  • How do I know if my bug bite is severe enough to go to the emergency room?
  • What should I do to protect myself if I am traveling outside the U.S.?
  • How can I tell if I’m having an allergic reaction to a bug bite?

Resources

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Ticks

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