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What is shingles? Shingles is a painful skin rash caused by the varicella-zoster virus — the same virus that causes chickenpox. It is also called herpes zoster or zoster. Nearly one-third of people...

What is shortness of breath? Shortness of breath (dyspnea) is the feeling that you can’t get enough air into your lungs. It can come on suddenly or develop over time. It’s common during strenuous a...

What is sleep apnea? Sleep apnea is a serious sleep disorder that causes pauses in breathing during sleep. These pauses can last several seconds and may occur dozens of times per night, disrupting ...

What is a sore throat? A sore throat means that your throat hurts. It feels irritated or scratchy. You may feel mild discomfort or a burning pain. A sore throat may feel worse when you swallow. Sor...

What is appendicitis? Appendicitis is inflammation or infection in your appendix. The appendix is a tube-like organ in your abdomen. It’s attached to your large intestine. If the infection isn’t tr...

What is strep throat? Strep throat is a bacterial infection of the throat and tonsils caused by group A Streptococcus. It spreads through respiratory droplets and close contact. Children 5 to 15 ye...

What are thyroid nodules? Thyroid nodules are growths or lumps inside the thyroid gland. They are common, especially in women and older adults. Most nodules do not cause problems, but a small numbe...

What is thyroiditis? Thyroiditis is a group of conditions that cause the thyroid gland to become inflamed. This can lead to phases of high thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism), low hormone (hypothyroi...

What is amblyopia (lazy eye)? Amblyopia, commonly known as “lazy eye,” is a condition where one eye doesn’t develop normal vision. It’s called “lazy eye” because the brain starts to rely more on th...

What is an anal fistula? An anal fistula is an abnormal tube-like connection that forms between the inside of the anus (at the anal gland) and the skin right outside the anus. Think of it as a tunn...