Thyroiditis

What is thyroiditis?

Thyroiditis is a group of conditions that cause the thyroid gland to become inflamed. This can lead to phases of high thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism), low hormone (hypothyroidism), or a return to normal levels.

Symptoms of thyroiditis

Symptoms vary by type:

• Hyperthyroid phase: weight loss, anxiety, tremors, fast heartbeat
• Hypothyroid phase: fatigue, weight gain, depression, cold intolerance
• Neck pain (especially with subacute thyroiditis)
• Swelling in the front of the neck

What causes thyroiditis?

Different types of thyroiditis have different causes:

• Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: autoimmune condition, often leads to permanent hypothyroidism
• Subacute thyroiditis: often follows a viral infection, causes painful thyroid swelling
• Silent or postpartum thyroiditis: often temporary, related to immune changes
• Drug- or radiation-induced thyroiditis: caused by certain medications or cancer treatments

How is thyroiditis diagnosed?

Tests may include:

• Blood tests for thyroid hormone (T4, T3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Thyroid antibody tests
• Ultrasound or radioactive iodine uptake scan (to see thyroid activity)

Can thyroiditis be prevented or avoided?

Most types cannot be prevented. Regular monitoring helps manage hormone changes.

Thyroiditis treatment

Treatment depends on the type and phase:

• Anti-inflammatory medicines for pain (e.g., NSAIDs)
• Beta-blockers for symptoms of hyperthyroidism (fast heartbeat, tremors)
• Thyroid hormone replacement if hypothyroidism is persistent (often needed in Hashimoto’s)
• Most types resolve over time, except Hashimoto’s, which usually requires lifelong treatment

Living with thyroiditis

You may need ongoing thyroid hormone testing and, in some cases, daily thyroid medication. Many types are temporary and improve with supportive care.