Flu vaccine

Getting your flu shot is an annual exercise of good health. It’s a simple, quick and convenient way to protect both yourself and your community.

You can make sure your body is as prepared as possible to respond to influenza strains by getting vaccinated before flu season starts. If you have any specific questions about the vaccine, ask your family physician.

When to get a flu shot

Flu season in the United States runs from fall through spring, with cases typically peaking in the winter. For most people, September or October is a good time to get your flu shot before flu activity ramps up. Avoid getting the vaccine too early in the season (like July or August) before flu viruses circulate widely, as protection from the shot will wane over time and may not last fully through the season into spring.

Who should get the flu vaccine

Everyone 6 months and older should receive an annual flu vaccine with only rare exceptions. Some people may need to avoid certain types of the vaccine or delay vaccination because of a severe allergy, previous reaction or other medical reason.

Some children ages 6 months through 8 years may need two doses, depending on their vaccination history. Adults 65 and older should preferably receive a high-dose, adjuvanted or recombinant flu vaccine when available.

Talk with your family physician if you have any questions about how you should approach getting your flu vaccine.

Where to get a flu shot

Flu vaccines are widely available at doctor’s offices and clinics, so you can get your shot during a doctor’s appointment if the timing lines up. If it’s easier, you can also likely get your shot at a nearby drugstore, supermarket, or other location that provides vaccines.

Availability can vary, so double-check that they offer flu shots before you go. Getting your vaccine during the right window is more important than the location—if you’re having trouble finding a nearby place to get a flu shot, your doctor may be able to help.

Flu vaccine effectiveness

The flu vaccine can lower your risk of catching the flu. No vaccine provides 100% protection, so you still may end up with the flu after getting your shot. However, being vaccinated can reduce your chances of developing serious illness, hospitalization or death.

Effectiveness varies every flu season. How well the vaccine performs depends partially on how well the vaccine matches what flu viruses are circulating this season.

Types of flu vaccines

There are several flu vaccine types available each year. For most people, any flu vaccine that is approved for their age range is a good option. Here are the primary forms of flu vaccines:

• Standard flu shots. This is the most common type of flu vaccine and is available for people of many ages.
• Enhanced flu vaccines. These are high-dose, adjuvanted or recombinant vaccines that are the preferred choice for adults 65 and older when available.
• Nasal spray vaccines. These are available to order and self-administer at home, and are available for eligible people between ages 2 through 49 who aren’t pregnant.
• mRNA flu vaccines. This is a new vaccine type that uses the same technology used in some COVID-19 vaccines and is available for adults aged 50 and older.

Flu shot side effects

You may experience mild side effects after getting a flu vaccine. If you received a shot, you may feel discomfort at the injection site and fever, headache or fatigue. If you received a nasal spray vaccine, you may have a runny nose, headache, sore throat or cough.

Children also may have mild side effects after receiving the flu vaccine. Depending on the type of vaccine they get, these can include fever, fatigue, muscle aches or a runny nose. As is the case with adults, these reactions are usually mild and go away within a day or two.

Frequently asked questions about flu vaccines

Can you get flu and covid vaccines at the same time​?

Yes, if you’re due for both. Receiving your flu shot and your COVID-19 vaccination at the same time saves you time, as you won’t have to make two separate visits. You can choose to get both shots in one arm or one in each arm.

How long after getting a flu shot does it work?

The flu shot takes about two weeks to reach full effectiveness. Getting vaccinated before flu activity increases gives your immune system plenty of time to respond, but getting your shot too early can mean protection fades too early.

Can you get the flu after the flu shot?

You can still get the flu after getting a flu shot, but even if that happens the vaccine lowers your risk of getting sick. If you do get the flu, being vaccinated can also help make your illness less severe, making it an important part of protecting your health.

Should I get a flu shot if I have a cold?

Yes, you should get a flu shot if you have a cold. Most people who have a headache, the sniffles or other signs of a mild cold can still get a flu shot. If you’re moderately or severely ill or have a fever, ask your family physician whether you should reschedule your appointment once you feel better.

Why does my arm hurt after a flu shot?

Arm soreness after a flu shot is quite common. However, you may not feel soreness every time you get a shot. Any lingering effects are usually mild and typically go away within a few days.