Lymphedema

What is Lymphedema?

Lymphedema is a disease of the lymphatic system, which aids your immune system in transporting fluids and infection-fighting cells throughout your body. It is a chronic condition resulting from the buildup of lymph fluid in the tissue under the skin. This buildup of fluid causes swelling in various parts of your body, typically in the arms or legs, that can be minor or severe. Lymphedema can increase your risk of infection in the affected part of the body.

Symptoms of lymphedema

The most common symptom of lymphedema is swelling which can develop slowly or come on suddenly. Other symptoms of lymphedema may include:

• Arms or legs appear to be different sizes
• A feeling of fullness or heaviness in the affected part
• Skin feels tight or has a tingling sensation
• Clothing or jewelry feels tighter than usual
• Puffy, red or noticeably thicker skin
• Less flexibility in your joints

Lymphedema causes and diagnosis

Lymphedema can be caused by a genetic condition present at birth, also known as primary lymphedema. However, the more common type is known as secondary lymphedema. Secondary lymphedema can occur after a surgical procedure, infection, radiation or other physical injury. Risk factors include obesity, limited mobility and frequent infections. Individuals who have undergone cancer treatment, particularly radiation and lymph node removal, are at an increased risk of developing lymphedema.

Lymphedema is a progressive, long-term condition that can develop days, months or even years after an initial injury to your lymphatic system. If you have abnormal swelling that may be due to lymphedema, your family doctor will discuss your health history, perform a physical exam and may order any of the following diagnostic tests:

• Doppler ultrasound
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Computed tomography (CT) scan

How to manage lymphedema

It is important to recognize the early signs and symptoms of lymphedema and speak with your doctor to determine the best treatment for managing it. Management should include infection prevention, proper skin care, exercise and the use of compression garments.

Infection prevention

The area affected with lymphedema always has a higher risk of infection. Individuals with lymphedema should not receive needle sticks, IVs or blood pressure checks in the swollen limb.

Skin care

Keep your skin clean and moisturized to avoid chapped, dry or broken skin. Always wash any cuts with soap and water.

Exercise and movement

Moving your swollen arm or leg can help drain lymph fluid and reduce swelling. Maintaining a healthy weight can also assist in reducing pressure on the swollen area.

Compression garments

Special multilayered garments can help push fluid out of the swollen part of your body. Wearing compression garments can also aid in preventing further swelling.

Massage therapy

A gentle massage technique known as manual lymph drainage (MLD) can help push lymph fluid out of the swollen part of your body.

Air travel

Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated and wear compression garments when flying. Standing, stretching and walking during a flight will help move fluid in the body.

Mental health

Lymphedema can affect your mental health, as well as your physical health. Your doctor may recommend you meet with a mental health professional to discuss the impact of lymphedema in your daily life.

How to prevent lymphedema

Lymphedema is a long-term condition, and there is no cure. However, your family doctor will help develop a management plan that works best for you and your daily routine.